Pharmacology Task for Medical and Influences- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePharmacology Task for Medical and Psychosocial Influences. Answer: Physiology of lower back pain Lower back pain refers to chronic pain which persist after duration of 3 months, as most of the connective tissues often heal at 6-12 months. With lower back pain, it experiences slower rate repair in the vascular and inter vertebral disks which affects the resolution of painful cases referred to as lower back pain. In line with aging concepts, the vertebral spine adjust to wear and tear due to the gravity and biochemical loading through neuro chemical changes which form to be maladaptive and cause pain, disability state and alteration on neurophysiology. Spinal pain is often varied and involves various structural, biochemicals, biomechanical, medical and psychosocial influences which case pain, (Wheeler Murrey, 2005). Existence of many mechanical low back pains exists; most common forms are those that are age related causing degeneration of the disks and process on the facets and injuries related to ligaments and muscles. Sources of this lower back pain originates from inter vertebral disks, fractures joints structures of the neural, ligaments, muscles and fists. The established link between inter vertebral disks and back pain has been well established; however there is observance of alteration of the biochemical properties in the disks structure, development of sensitive nerve endings and the growth in the vascular in growth into degenerated disks contribute to the development of pain. Further it can yield from loss of disk structure which alters the loading response and alignment of the spinal column, ligaments and par spinal muscles which cases pain in the back, thus the disorder of inters vertebral disks are major causing factor to lower back pain, (Weinstein et al, 2008). Pharmacological actions and effects of NSAIDS Pharmacological approach of spinal pain has been geared towards the peripheral and central generators of pain, which rates the type of pain. The efficacy of these medicines has often not to be conclusive and offer full recovery process for patients, however despite this medication still remains to be the primary therapy of management, (Weinstein et al, 2014). Research has established strong evidence NSAIDs such as those which are traditional and the cyclooxygenase-2-specific are efficient in managing lower back pain as a short term strategy. In a study done, randomized trials revealed that NSAIDs diflunisal have greater efficacy of managing pain compared to acetaminophen, (Van et al, 2006). These findings further elaborated that NSAID are efficient in managing lower back pain. However precaution needs to be undertaken on the long term impact of toxicities of gastro intestinal, renal and cardiac effects on its use for the patient, (Van et al, 2006). Further in cases where there is acute biochemical injury on the spine especially for the patient in the case study, the use of NSAIDs medication are beneficial in managing the pain, (Martell et al, 2007). With the concerns of toxicities and reactions of these medicines, short trial should be undertaken at low dosage for an estimate of 3-4 days to assess the effectiveness of patient tolerances and adherence to the drug for the patient. Further it assists in alleviating pain, however different patients often require therapeutic medication over long durations for the effects to be felt, (Mlanage Wolff, 2008). Thus NSAIDS, have both analgesics and anti inflammatory attributes which affect the patho physiological process. Trials done have shown that this medication are crucial for managing pain. Thus this medication will improve the score on the patient through alleviating pain. References Malanga, G., Wolff, E. (2008). Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants, and simple analgesics. The Spine Journal, 8(1), 173-184. Martell, B. A., o'Connor, P. G., Kerns, R. D., Becker, W. C., Morales, K. H., Kosten, T. R., Fiellin, D. A. (2007). Systematic review: opioid treatment for chronic back pain: prevalence, efficacy, and association with addiction. Annals of internal medicine, 146(2), 116-127. van Tulder, M. W., Koes, B., Malmivaara, A. (2006). Outcome of non-invasive treatment modalities on back pain: an evidence-based review. European spine journal, 15(1), S64-S81. Weinstein, J. N., Tosteson, A. N., Tosteson, T. D., Lurie, J., Abdu, W. A., Mirza, S. K., ... Nelson, E. C. (2014). The SPORT value compass: do the extra costs of undergoing spine surgery produce better health benefits?. Medical care, 52(12), 1055. Weinstein, J. N., Tosteson, T. D., Lurie, J. D., Tosteson, A. N., Blood, E., Hanscom, B., ... Hilibrand, A. (2008). Surgical versus nonsurgical therapy for lumbar spinal stenosis. New England Journal of Medicine, 358(8), 794-810. Wheeler, A. H., Murrey, D. B. (2005). Spinal pain: pathogenesis, evolutionary mechanisms, and management. The neurological basis of pain. New York: McGraw-Hill, 421-52